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I think an indicator such as a moving average is ideal.  A MA, by definition, is a lagging average.  So if the index retraces all the way back to below a MA, then you can argue the trend is over.


The only question is how many days should that MA be?  I don't think you'll find consensus on a particular figure.


That's right.  You could wait until the market fell below the MA sufficiently to "prove itself" before reacting.  For instance, if the market trends below the MA for a week or two and continues downward, you could retrospectively call the MA cross the start of a "real" correction or bear market.  Kind of like The Fed gives an initial GDP figure, and then confirms or retrospectively revises it a month later.


That's the official definition.  I'd argue it's really no better.  What do you call a market that drops by 20% from its peak, and then sideways trends for 3 years.  Is it a bear market?  Yes.  But also it's not going down anymore, so no.  I feel it has the same limitations at the moving average cross.


I guess a better definition of a bear market is one where each month's low is lower than the previous month.  Or something along those lines.


An excellent question btw.


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