Australian (ASX) Stock Market Forum

February 2025

Tariffs:

Canadian hockey and basketball fans are booing the U.S. national anthem at games. Liquor stores in Ontario are taking American booze off their shelves. Do you know what it takes to make Canadians this mad at you?

Why it matters: It takes a trade war, apparently. And regardless of whether Trump's promised tariffs go into effect, Canadians' newfound open hostility to the United States is an example of the longer-term economic risks at play.

  • There are estimates floating around on what the new import taxes mean for GDP and inflation, but the numerical details miss the point.
  • This will prove a very difficult bell to unring and points to a new era in which businesses cannot count on any country to be a permanent partner of the United States.
By the numbers: If promised 25% tariffs on Mexico and Canada (10% on Canadian energy) are implemented and the countries retaliate as they promise to do, it would add 0.76 percentage point to U.S. inflation and subtract 0.4 percentage point from U.S. GDP growth, estimates the Yale Budget Lab.

  • An extended trade war would prove costly for specific sectors, including U.S. automakers (who rely on supply chains that crisscross North American borders), homebuilders (who use Canadian lumber and gypsum) and agriculture (fertilizer).
Yes, but: The United States is a large, resource-rich, geographically diverse nation that relies less on imports than smaller countries. That's why neither forecasters nor financial markets are betting that aggressive trade measures will cause recession.

Between the lines: As the U.S.-China relationship has become more hostile over the past decade, Western companies have looked for ways to decrease dependence on China. A frequent solution offered by the corporate class was "friendshoring."

  • The idea is to shift supply chains toward countries with deep, stable relationships with the United States.
  • The trade relationships with Canada and Mexico have been viewed as the most stable of all, built upon the North American Free Trade Agreement enacted in 1993 and an update of it, the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement, signed by Trump five years ago.
Flashback: "The USMCA is the largest, fairest, most balanced, and modern trade agreement ever achieved," Trump said then.

  • That embrace of North American trade, combined with the Biden administration's emphasis on friendshoring and deepening relationships with allies, gave a green light to companies looking to invest further in a North American supply chain.
  • But now, Trump has pushed toward higher tariffs on imports from Canada and Mexico than from China.
What we're watching: Does the cross-border hostility created by the possible trade war between neighbors with a three-decade-old free trade deal — symbolized by those boos at an Ottawa hockey arena — portend a broader breakdown in this economic interconnection?

The bottom line: There's no such thing as friendshoring if you don't have any true friends.


Cullen Roche:

1) The Lifetime of Stocks is
Shrinking.
I loved this chart from Bank of America which shows the average lifespan of companies in the S&P 500 since 1960. The message from the bank is that incumbent firms are being disrupted much more rapidly. And it’s true. Many of the largest firms we all know of today did not even exist 20 years ago. This is good and bad.

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Higher turnover means we have a faster pace of what Schumpeter called “creative destruction”. That means new entrants are innovating quickly and knocking off stale incumbents. It’s bad in the sense that this makes stock picking a lot harder because you can’t just buy and hold firms you expect to be around for decades.

But the thing I really like about this chart is that, despite the shrinking lifetime, that lifetime is still extremely long at 18.3 years. We spend so much time talking about the stock market on a daily, weekly and annual basis, but this data shows that stocks are, at a minimum, multi-decade instruments. This is what I try to communicate with the Defined Duration investing strategy. Stocks are inherently long-term instruments and they need to be utilized in a portfolio in a manner consistent with long-term thinking. That means thinking in truly long-term time horizons across decades and not years. This is why I always ignore short-term market narratives about the stock market. No one knows what stocks will do in the short-term because you cannot make a long-term instrument behave like a short-term instrument no matter how much you trade it.

2) Bitcoin Going to $0?
Gene Fama kicked the Bitcoin hornet’s nest this week when he appeared on a podcast and predicted that it would go to $0 within the next 10 years. I think this prediction is likely to be wrong and indicative of the academic sort of thinking that most traditional financial theorists utilize. The thing is, from an asset pricing perspective, an asset like Bitcoin is virtually impossible to value. In traditional finance we like to use things like discounted cash flows or similar cash flow based metrics to value an asset. We assign multiples of revenue, EBITDA, etc. But when an asset doesn’t generate cash flow it becomes difficult to value.

Bitcoin is more like a piece of fine art than a cash flow generating corporation. And to value something like a piece of art you need a more subjective asset pricing model. Personally, I don’t have a strong opinion on that as it pertains to Bitcoin’s specific price and the primary use case I consider with Bitcoin is fiat currency insurance. That is, if you live in a 3rd world country where the risk of currency collapse is high then owning something like Bitcoin makes a great deal of sense. If you’re an American using the world’s reserve currency I don’t think that argument is nearly as compelling. But I find it very compelling from the perspective of any 3rd world economy, especially those with unstable authoritarian economies. What is insurance worth to someone? That’s a super personal question and one that an asset pricing model isn’t going to help you quantify.

But $0 is an extreme sort of prediction. And it misunderstands the huge underlying infrastructure and network effect that has developed around Bitcoin. This isn’t merely something trading on pure speculation. There’s now a trillion dollar infrastructure in Bitcoin mining, embedded (incentivized wealth) and regulatory apparatus that utilizes this asset. None of that means it can’t fall significantly and given its history it wouldn’t be remotely surprising if it falls 80%+ at times, but for it to go to $0 you’re talking about the collapse of the entire global Bitcoin mining industry, the now billion dollar ETF structure and a complete and total collapse in the confidence that supports this asset. Could that happen? I guess it could in an environment where, for instance, the power grid went out forever, but the probability of that happening in the next ten years is extremely remote in my mind.

Of course, whether any American should own Bitcoin as fiat currency insurance is a whole other question
.Fama would probably disagree with my framing of it as fiat currency insurance, or I supposed he’d prefer other assets to insure that risk, but I guess that’s why I don’t consider myself a disciple of Modern Portfolio Theory.

3) The Return of the 2010s?
RGDP-400x240.png

One of my dominant themes over the last few years was the theory that the post-Covid economy would eventually mean revert right back to the pre-Covid economy. In other words, once the dust settled on Covid and all that stimulus, I expected the economy to start looking a lot like it did in the period from 2015-2020 when inflation was low and growth was low, but stable. That was a perfectly good environment, despite the low growth. In fact, I’ve argued that low and stable growth is better for a big economy than experiencing high and unstable growth.

We got a pretty interesting piece of data this week in the GDP report which I believe is starting to confirm this. RGDP came in at 2.3% which was almost perfectly in-line with the average GDP we saw since 2010. So, we already know that inflation has moderated almost to the Fed’s target and now we’re seeing GDP readings that are more consistent with the pre-Covid period.
But the primary takeaway from this developing trend is that this environment isn’t the return of the 1970s. It’s actually looking like it’s not remotely close to the 1970s. And more recently we’ve heard comparisons to the late 90s. But that was a true economic boom with average RGDP of 4.1%. This also doesn’t look like that. So, in my view the return of the pre-Covid economy looks to be well on track. And that’s not necessarily a bad thing. Of course, the curveball in all of this could be Trump’s economic agenda. The tariffs combined with significant government spending cuts create some downside risk to this forecast. But we’ll have to wait and see how much of this is negotiating bluster and how much of it is real.

So do you buy-the-dip?

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Really, who knows, just I chop zone.

But if there is no follow through to today's close from the bears, then I think we trade higher tomorrow, but that $601 range on SPY is a major resistance point currently. That is the line in the sand. Get past that, we go higher.

Silver News:

Tariffs on US imports from Canada (25%), Mexico (25%), and China (10%) began February 1, 2025.

In 2024, the US imported 4,200 tonnes (135 million (M)) oz. of silver and using the latest available data from 2020 to 2023, approximately 44% of US silver imports came from Mexico and 17% came from Canada according to the US Geological Survey.

The 82M oz. imported annually from Canada and Mexico is now incentivized to be sourced from other cheaper sources.

As 70% of silver mine production is a minor byproduct of the mining of other primary metals, mine supply of silver from other countries simply cannot respond quickly to added silver demand irrespective of the price of silver.

Silver vault stockpiles in London and Switzerland are thus going to see growing demand for added silver delivery to the US market to make up in-part for the tariff penalized silver supply from Mexican and Canadian miners.
As noted over the last several months, London’s vaulted silver stockpiles are already at a critical level where very little of the silver in London vaults is available for delivery to provide liquidity to the physical silver market.
With an estimated 4 billion (B) to 6B oz. of only fractionally-backed silver promissory notes for immediate silver delivery issued into the London cash/spot silver market, some market participants will begin to default if reallocation of added silver delivery demand to London continues over time.
The Bank of England that coordinates the multi-decade London price rigging of silver and gold in London is going to have a very rough time in the weeks and months ahead.

Blackrock Inc. that operates the world’s largest silver Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) in the ‘SLV’ iShares Silver Trust also merits close observation.

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Figure 1 - Donald Trump Receives Gold Bullion Building Lease Payment - Sept. 15, 2011; photo source: Associated Press



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jog on
duc
 

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